Verbs - Shortcut Rules - Part 1

In this post we shall discuss some important shortcuts Rules about Nouns which comes in handy while solving Banking and Other Competitive Exams papers. 

Shortcut Rule 1 : If the subject is of the third person, singular number (He, She, It) add 'S' or 'es / ies' to the first form of the verb to make it singular number.

• She plays the violin every day.
• He loves his parents
• The dog barks at the people.
• The bird flies in the Sky.
• He does his duty. 

Shortcut Rule 2 : The following verbs are not usually used in the continuous form. See / Smell / Feel / Hear / Notice / Recognize / See / Think / Agree / Believe / Consider / Remember / Hope / Understand / Mind / Suppose / Hate / Love / Know / Have / Want / Forgive / Keep / Prevent etc. But they may be used in continuous forms in a particular cases.

• He is having a telephone connection. ☓
• He has a telephone connection ✔

• The flower is smelling sweet ☓
• The flower smells sweet (you can say I am smelling this flower) ✔

• The manager is seeing your application (Seeing - Examining) ✔ (in particular situation)

Shortcut Rule 3 : The present perfect tense should not be used with adverbs indicating past time. Instead the simple past tense should be used.

• I have seen a film last night ☓
• I saw a film last night. ✔

• He has left for Hyderabad last week. ☓
• He left for Hyderabad last week. ✔

Shortcut Rule 4 : The present perfect tense with "For or Since" is used to express an action began at some time in the past and is still continuing upto the time of speaking or just finished.

• For ..............................period of time (for 2 days / for 10 days / for a long time)
• Since  ..............................point of time. (Since 1996, Since morning, since yesterday, since last week)

• I know him since 1986 ☓
• I have know him since 1986 ✔

• Out teacher is sick for the last two days ☓
• Our teacher has been sick for the last two days. ✔

Shortcut Rule 5 : :The present perfect continuous Tense" is also used for actions began in the past and are still continuing.

• I am reading this novel since morning. ☓
• I have been reading this novel since morning. ✔

• They are going to English classes for the last one month. ☓
• They have been going to English classes for the last one month. ✔

Shortcut Rule 6 : When the first action led to the second action immediately The simple Past Tense + Simple Past Tense are used.

• When he opened the gate, they came in. ✔

Shortcut Rule 7 : When the first action completed before the second one started, the Past Perfect Tense for the first finished action and the Simple Past Tense for the Second are used.

• The patient had died before the doctor arrived. ✔

Shortcut Rule 8 : After negative sentences, the question tag used should be in an ordinary interrogative form.

• She didn't like that book, didn't she? ☓
• She did not like that book, did she? ✔

• They have not told him the news, Haven't they? ☓
• They have not told him the news, Have they? ✔

Shortcut Rule 9 : After Positive Statements, we use the negative interrogative.

• I am a student, Am I? ☓
• I am a student, Aren't I? ✔

• Let's play for some Time, Shall We? ✔

• He works hard, Does He? ☓

Shortcut Rule 10 : When the verb in the principal clause is in a past tense, the verbs in the subordinate clauses are normally in the Past Tense.

• He said that He will pass the examination. ☓
• He said that he would pass the examination. ✔

• They told me that they have paid the fees. ☓
• They told me that they had paid the fees. ✔

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07:36 - By Unknown 0

 Pronouns - Shortcut Rules

In this post we shall discuss some important shortcut rules about Pronouns which comes in handy while solving Banking and other Competitive exam papers.

Shortcut Rule 1 :  We should use the personal pronouns in the order of 231 for good results ( I mean, Second Person, Third Person, First Person). Have a look at the following Examples.

• I, He and You are to finish it. ☓
• You, He and I are to finish it. ✔
• The order 123 (First Person, Second Person and Third Person) is also possible when we admit guilt. 
• I, You and He have committed the Sin. ✔

Shortcut Rule 2 : A Pronoun in the nominative form should be compared with the same form of the pronoun. 

• He is better than I (am)  (Two Nominatives are compared) ✔
• I respect you more than him (Two objectives are compared) ✔

Shortcut Rule 3 : A Pronoun in the objective case is used after "Let / Between / Any Preposition"

• Let you and me play (You and me are objects) ✔
• There is no dispute between you and me. ✔

Shortcut Rule 4 : When a pronoun stands for a collective noun, it should be used in the singular form.

• The army has left its Head Quarters (As a Whole) ✔
• The committee were divided in their opinion (Separate Individuals) ✔

Shortcut Rule 5 : When two singular nouns are joined by "and", refer to to the same person, the pronoun used in their place should be singular in form.

• The Collector and Magistrate has done his best. ✔
• But the collector and the Magistrate have done their best.  ✔

Shortcut Rule 6 : A singular pronoun should be used when two singular nouns are joined by either or / neither nor

• Either Ravi or Gopal should do his duty ✔

Shortcut Rule 7 : A pronoun in the plural form should be used when two nouns of different members are joined by "or" or "nor".

• Either the Principal or his teachers have attended their duty. ✔

Shortcut Rule 8 : The distributive pronouns "Either / Neither / None / Any / No one" are used with singular verbs.

• Either / Neigher ........................Used for two Person / Things
• None / No one / Any ................ Used for more than two person / things.
• Any ............................Used for more than two persons / things.   Have a look at some examples.
• Either of the two girls is diligent. ✔
• Neither of the brothers is quarrelsome. ✔
• None of the four sisters is intelligent. ✔
• Any of the four men can do it. ✔

Shortcut Rule 9 : The Reciprocal pronouns "Each other / One another"

• Each other - For two persons
• One another - For more than two persons.
• The two sister hate each other.
• The five brother love one another.

Shortcut Rule 10 : The indefinite pronoun "One" should be used as "One's" for  its possessive case.

• One should love one's country. ✔

Shortcut Rule 11 : The verbs such as "Hurt / Cheat / Prostrate / Introduce / Present / Absent / Satisfy / Prepare / Enjoy / Avail of" are followed by either "an" object or "a" reflexive pronoun. (Myself / Ourselves / Yourself / Yourselves) (Himself / Herself / Itself / Themselves)

• I introduced her to the Principal (Her.........object) ✔
• I introduced myself to the Principal (Myself.........Reflexive pronoun) ✔
• He enjoyed the party (Party............Object) ✔
• He enjoyed himself at the Party (Himself.................Reflexive Pronoun) ✔

Shortcut Rule 12 : The use of Relative Pronouns :

• Who................. for Persons
• This is the boy who is diligent.
• Which .................for Things.
• The book which is in the shelf is mine.
• That ................. is used both for persons and things.
• One boy who stole my purse was a student ✔
• The boy that stole my purse was a student. ✔

• As a relative pronoun "That" is used with superlative Adjective / Only / Any / Nothing / Some / All / None"
• All that glitters is not gold
• This is the best thing that I can do.

Shortcut Rule 13 : The word "Who" as a relative pronoun is used in the nominative case, takes a verb.

• The Principal who came here was Raju's Brother.

• The word "Whom"as a relative pronoun is used in the objective case (takes no verb)
• The doctor whom I met yesterday was Krishna's Father

Shortcut Rule 14 : Agreement of the verb with its antecedent in number and person

• I who is your brother must trust you ☓
• I who am your brother must trust you. ✔

• You who is my friend ☓
• You who are my friend ✔

Shortcut Rule 15 : If a pronoun is to be placed after "to be", the pronoun in the subjective case is used.

• It is Him ☓
• It is He ✔

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07:33 - By Unknown 0

 Nouns - Shortcut Rules

In this post, we shall discuss some important Shortcut Rules about Nouns which comes in handy for your upcoming competitive exams.

Shortcut Rule 1 : The following words are uncountable and are normally used in the singular form only. The indefinite article "A or An" Should not be used with them. They have no plural forms. 'A/An' not used before them.

Ex : Luggage / Baggage / Breakage / Advice / Furniture / Information / Scenery / Poetry / Work / Soap / Food / Bread / Fish / Paper / Machinery etc.

• The Sceneries of Kashmir is very beautiful. ☓
• The Scenery of Kashmir is very beautiful.  ✔

• I know that he has many informations. ☓
• I know that he has much information / a lot of information.  ✔

• They gave me a good advice. ☓
• The gave me a piece of good advice. ✔

• I want a Soap/Bread. ☓
• I want a piece of Soap/Bread. ✔

Shortcut Rule 2 : The words such as "News / Maths / Ethics / Politics / Phonetics / Economics / Statistics / Measles / Mumps / Rickets / Billiards / Innings" look like plural nouns but give singular meaning. So, they take singular form of verbs. 

• Mathematics is a difficult subject.  ✔
• But say "His Mathematics are very weak".  ✔
• Rule : When Preceded by a possessive adjective, the noun takes a plural verb

• Billiards are an interesting game.  ☓
• Billiards is an interesting game. ✔

• The news are not reliable. ☓
• The news is not reliable.  ✔

Shortcut Rule 3 : Some Nouns have the same form whether singular or plural.

Ex : Sheep / Deer / Service / Series / Series / Species /Fish / Apparatus

• He saw two sheeps in the zoo. ☓
• He saw two sheep in the zoo  ✔

• A series of lectures are to be delivered tomorrow. ☓
• A series of lectures is to be delivered tomorrow.  ✔

Shortcut Rule 4 : The following nouns are always used in the plural form only

Cattle / People / Police / Electorate / Poultry / Trousers / Scissors / Spectacles / Binoculars / Crackers / Swine / Gentry / Clergy. All these are used with plural form of verbs.

• The police is coming towards us now. ☓
• The police are coming towards us now.  ✔

• The scissor is very sharp. ☓
• The scissors are very sharp.  ✔

Shortcut Rule 5 : Add 'S' to the main word in compound noun to make it plural.

• Sister-in-Law, the plural form is Sisters-in-Law, not Sister-in-Laws
• Brother-in- Law, the plural form is Brothers-in-law, not Brothers-in- Laws

Shortcut Rule 6 : The possessive case of a compound noun is formed by adding 'S' to the last word.

• Father-in-Law, Father-in-Law's property.
• Sister-in-Law, Sister-in-Law's property.

Shortcut Rule 7 : After the phrases One of / Some of/ Each of / Either of /Neither of / Any of / None of, a plural form of a noun is used.

• One of my best friends (not One of my best friend)  
• One of the biggest cities (not One of the biggest city)  

• Each of the boys is (not Each of the boys are)  
• Either of the teachers is (not Either of the teachers are)  

Shortcut Rule 8 : Nouns indicating numerals should be used in singular form "A Dozen eggs / Two Dozen Oranges". But say Hundreds of eggs / Houses / A hundred rupees / Two hundred rupees.

Shortcut Rule 9 : After collective nouns either a singular or plural form of verb is used.

• The team is strong (here, we are treating the TEAM as an UNIT)  ✔
• The team are fighting among themselves (Here, we are saying about the players of the team)  ✔

Shortcut Rule 10 : An "Apostrophe" and 'S' should be used with living beings only to show possesion.

• The table's legs were broken. ☓ 
•  (This is wrong, because the table is a non living thing)
• We can say "The legs of the table were broken"  ✔

Shortcut Rule 11 : Say, "A five rupee note", " A two mile walk"

Shortcut Rule 12 : Don't say "family members / cousin brother or cousin sister" but say "The members of the family / he or she is my cousin".

Shortcut Rule 13 : When two nouns are connected by "and", and are closely related, add an apostrophe and S to the last noun.

• Kareena's and Saif's house ☓  (if you think they are wife and husband then this sentence is wrong)
• Kareena and Saif's house (as they live in a SINGLE house)  ✔

• But you can say "India's and Pakistan's population"  ✔

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07:30 - By Unknown 0

 Some Common Errors in English

All of us know English. We can chat with our friends in English, read English books and ofcourse watch English movies and understands them. But we cant get more marks in English paper of bank exams. Some times we feel disappointed by seeing our English marks lesser than our expectations. Whats the problem ? Well the problem is "we Neglect some basic things!!! we know everything, but we don't mind forgetting them. Lets have a look at some common errors in English. Just read these point twice or thrice so that you can get 5 marks at least for sure :)

Wrong	Correct
The Titanic drowned in the sea	The Titanic sank in the sea
Higher we go, cooler we feel	The higher we go, the cooler we feel
She quickly did the job.	She did the job quickly.
He is my older Brother	He is my elder Brother
Most unique opportunity	Unique opportunity
It is much hot today	It is very hot today
Rich should be kind to poor	The rich should be kind to the poor
S/He is my Cousin brother/sister	S/He is my Cousin
She quickly did the job	She did the job quickly.
One must do his duty	One must do one’s duty
Do you know to Dance?	Do you know how to Dance?
Have you bought some apples?	Have you bought any apples?
No less than 50 persons Killed	No fewer than 50 persons Killed
The climate of Goa is better than Nagpur	The climate of Goa is better than that of Nagpur
Many a man were here	Many a man was here
My state of health	The state of my health
I don’t know the English alphabets	I don’t know the English alphabet
May I take your leave	May I take leave of you
Excuse me being late	Excuse my being late
He rarely goes out, doesn’t he?	He rarely goes out, does he?
He admitted that he was in wrong	He admitted that he was in the wrong
The number of people are small	The number of people is small
My little sister goes to the school by bus	My little sister goes to school by bus
The series of lectures were boring	The series of lectures was boring
English teacher	Teacher of English
He lives in a boarding	He lives in a boarding house
You are wiser than old	You are more wise than old
A good play of football	A good game of football
He behaves as if he was a king	He behaves as if he were a king
Chennai is further than Delhi	Chennai is farther than Delhi
They were counting on me helping them	They were counting on my helping them
This drawing is more perfect than the other one	This drawing is perfect than the other one
Word by word translation is not necessary	Word for word translation is not necessary
Two third of the book	Two thirds of the book
No space in this compartment	No room in this compartment

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Thats all for now Friends........ Happy Reading  :) 

07:27 - By Unknown 0

 Noun and Case

The Case is of 3 types,

1. Nominative Case (Subjective Case)
2. Accusative Case (Objective Case)
3. Possessive Case 

Now have a look at an example for proper understanding,

1. Sachin is a Cricket player (Nominative)
2. We like Sachin (Accusative)
3. This is Sachin's Bat (Possesive)

Possessive Case :

• 'S (apostrophe)  --- This is used for Human-beings / Living Things
• Of    -------- Non Living / Living Things

Note : Usually we don't use 'S(apostrophe S) for Non Living Things.

• ✔  This is Ravi's Book
• ☓  The building's roof needs to be repaired
• ✔ The roof of the building needs to be repaired

Exceptions : 

• There are some exceptions for the above mentioned case. We can use  'S(apostrophe S) for Time, Distance, Weight etc
• An Hour's Time
• A Ton's weight

Note : When a singular noun, which doesn't end in S (Hissing sound), The possessive case takes "S"

• Kamal's Pen
• Karthik's Watch
• Ramu's Dress

Note : When a singular noun, ends in S(Hissing Sound), the possessive case takes only apostrophe ( ' ) at the end (no need to add S)

• Keats' Poetry
• Lotus' Petals

When a plural noun doesn't end in S, the possessive case takes apostrophe S ('S)

• Children's specialist
• Women's college
• Men's single

When a plural noun ends in 'S', the possessive case takes only apostrophe at the end.

• Boys' Hostel
• Girls' College

When two persons and one possession in the sentence, the possessive case should be added to the latter

• ☓  I went to Raju's and Rani's house but i found the couple absent
• ✔  I went to Raju and Rani's house, but i found the couple absent (Whats the difference? here Raju and Rani are couple. So obviously they live in the same house :) so two persons and one possession, so we should use 'S to the latter (Rani)

When two different things are referred to, the possessive case should be added to both 

• ☓ India and China's problems are different
• ✔  India's and China's problems are different (because, here india and china are different countries and cant be same)

The comparison should be made between the same cases

• ☓   India's problems are the same as Pakistan 
• ✔  India's problems are the same as Pakistan's 

In apposition, the possessive case should be added to the latter

• ☓   This is Prime minister's manmohan singh's speech
• ✔  This is Prime minister manmohan singh's speech

Both of and apostrophe cannot usually be used i none sentence

• ☓ This is the house of Gandhi's 
• ✔ This is the house of Gandhi 

Note : But the following expression is an exception

• Its ----->  Of  It
• It's ----->  It is, It Was, It Has

• Hers ---> Of  Her
• ☓  Her's --> Her was, Her is (but these are wrong expressions)

• yours ---> Of Your
• ☓ Your's ----> Your Is, Your Was (How horrible it is... so thats the reason why, our teachers tell us dont use apostrophe while writing yours faithfully at the end of letter. But we neglect it ;)

Note : Dont use apostrophe for pronouns

• He is my friend
• He is a friend of mine
• He is her friend
• He is a friend of hers

• He is a friend of my brother  ✔
• He is a friend of my brother's   ☓

Care should be taken while using a relative pronoun

• I have seen many of amitabh's movies who is considered a great actor  ☓
• I have seen many movies of amitabh, who is considered a great actor   ✔

• I have read Shakespeare's four great tragedies who is the greatest writer in English  ☓
• I have read four great tragedies of Shakespeare who is considered the greatest writer in English  ✔
• I have read the four great tragedies of Shakespeare which are worth reading  ☓
• I have read Shakespeare's four great tragedies which are worth reading  ✔

In compound nouns the possessive case should be added to the last word

• He is my brother's-in-law friend  ☓ 
• He is my brother-in-lwas's friend  ✔

In the sentences with "One of These" the possessive should be used carefully

• I met, the minister at one of my friend's house   (this means, I have number of friends, and i met the minister in one of those friend's house)
• I met the minister at one of my friend's house  (this means, my friend have number of houses and i met the minister in one of those houses)

Thats all for now Friends. All The Best

07:21 - By Unknown 0

 Noun and Number

All of us know what is noun and what is number. But there are some issues in Noun and Number which makes us confused often. Lets discuss them

• Some nouns always singular  in number, so they take the singular verb
• Scenery, Luggage, Information, Advice, Machinery, Stationary, Poetry, Issue (Children), Rice, Soap, Bread, Brick etc
• (There are no plural forms for the above words)
• Two cakes of Soap (Not Two Soaps)
• Two Pieces of brick (Not Two Bricks) 
• ☓ The sceneries of Kashmir are beautiful 
• ✔ The scenery of Kashmir is beautiful
• Some nouns are always plural in number. So, they take a plural verb.

• Alms, Thanks, Goods, Regards, Wishes, Proceeds, Premises, Credentials, Riches, Pants, Pantaloons, Jeans, Tights, Shorts, Pajamas, Scissors, Forceps, Spectacles, Binaculars ets
• ☓  Convey my regard and wishes to your parents
• ✔ Convey my regards and wishes to your parents
• ☓  I have never used such a scissors in my life
• ✔ I have never used such scissors in my life
• ✔ I have never used such a pair of scissors in my life
• Some nouns appear plural. But they are singular in number. So we should take a singular verb
• Wages, Summons, Gallows, News, Politics, Electronics, Billboards, Measles, Mathematics etc
• ☓  The court has issued two summons to the minister, but he hasn't turned up yet
• ✔ The court has issued two summonses to the minister, but he hasn't turned up yet
• ☓ I have a good news to tell you 
• Here there is no plural for News. We shouldn't use articles for these type of words.
• ✔ I have good news to tell you 
• ✔  Measles is a disease (not are)
• Some nouns appear singular but they are plural in number. So, they take a plural verb.
• Cattle,  Infantry,  Police,  Poultry,  Swine,  Artillery,  Peasantry,  Gentry etc
• ☓ This cattle is mine
• ✔  These cattle are mine
• Some nouns can be used either as singulars or as plurals without changing their form
• Sheep, Deer, Offspring, Species, Aircraft, Space Craft, Salmon, Yoke etc
• ☓  These are many sheeps in the fields 
• ✔ There are many sheep in the fields

Formation of Plurals :

• Boy   -------------  Boys
• Man    -------------  Men
• Tooth    -------------  Teeth
• Dog    -------------  Dogs
• Ox    -------------  Oxen
• Child    -------------  Children
• Belief    -------------  Beliefs
• Sheaf    -------------  Sheaves
• Leaf    -------------  Leaves
• Datum    -------------  Data
• Stratum    -------------  Strata
• Matrix    -------------  Matrices
• Brother    -------------  Brothers 
• Brother - In - Law     -------------  Brother - in - Laws  ☓ 

                                                                                       Brothers - in - Law   ✔ 

• Man - Servant     -------------  Men - Servants

Thats all for now friends, see you tomorrow

07:18 - By Unknown 0

 Omission of Articles

Till now we have learnt where should we use A , An and where should we use THE. Now we shall learn where shouldn't we use these articles. Following are the conditions where we shouldn't use any article.

• Before the common nouns man, woman, god, heaven, hell, when used in general sence
• Man is mortal but God is immortal
• Man proposes but god disposes
• Everybody wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die
• Note : But when particularized 'the' definite article is used.
• The man who is standing at the door is my uncle
• When it means one, the indefinite article is used.
• There is a man at the door
• Before abstract nouns, when generalized 
• Honesty is the best policy
• Beauty should lie in one's heart
• Bravery is the sign of man
• Note : But when these are particularized, THE is used
• The honesty the auto-driver showed was finally rewarded
• Before material nouns when Generalized
• Water is essential for all
• Sugar is sweet
• Wood is used for making furniture
• Gold is a precious metal
• But when particularized, THE definite article is used
• The water in this pond is pure
• The gold used for making this chain was 22 carat
• Before places like Church, Temple, Mosque, School, College, University, Hostel, Library, Class, Hospital, Jail (Prison) etc. When they are visited for their primary purpose
• ☓  He was an atheist, but now a days he is going to the church
• ✔ He was an atheist, but now a days he is going to church
• ☓   You should go to the school regularly in-order to get good marks
• ✔  You should go to school regularly in-order to get good marks
• ✔ I went to the church to meet my friend (here i dint go for the primary purpose(prayer))
• ✔  The man was put in jail for killing a woman
• ✔  The injured were taken to hospital
• ☓   The injured were taken to the hospital
• But when these places are visited for their secondary purpose the definite article should be used.
• He went to the temple to meet the priest
• My father came to the school to talk to my class teacher
• I went to the hospital to see and console a patient
• But when it means one, the indefinite article is used
• There is a school at the end of the street
• Before Breakfast, Brunch, Lunch, Dinner etc, when used in general sense
• we usually take lunch at 1
• Breakfast is served between 7 and 9
• But when these are particularized, by an adjective, the indefinite article is used.
• We had a delicious lunch yesterday (here the lunch is particularized, so we used an indefinite article "a")
• We are going to have a healthy breakfast
• Before plural nouns, when generalized
• Tigers are ferocious animals
• Cows are domestic animals 
• Children like chocolates
• Note : Here if we represent singular instead of plural, then we should use articles
• The tiger is a ferocious animal
• A tiger is a ferocious animal
• Tigers are ferocious animals
• In expressions like Go to bed, Take heart, Lose heart, Send word, Set fire
• Please switch off all the lights before going to bed (not going to the bed)
• Dont lose heart when you are on the verge of danger (not lose the heart)
• The house was set on fire (not on the fire)

That's all for now friends, prepare well. Good day

07:15 - By Unknown 0