Conjunctions in English Shortcut Rules

 Conjunctions in English - Shortcut Rules

Friends, in this post we shall discuss some important Rules of Conjunctions.

Rule 1 : The co-relative conjunctions are used in pairs.

1. Not only - but also
2. Either - or
3. Neither - nor
4. Both - and
5. Though - yet
6. Whether - or

Please see that the pair is properly used.

• They will either do the work else return the money. ☓
• They will either do the work or return the money.✔

• Both kumar as well as Ravi must finish it. ☓
• Both kumar and Ravi must finish it.✔

• Not only does he read but also writes.✔

• Though he is rich but he is economical. ☓
• Though he is rich yet he is economical.✔

Rule 2 : After the adverbs "Hardly / Scarcely", the conjunction 'when or before' should be used.

• Hardly had he left the place than the Bomb exploded. ☓
• Hardly had he left the place when the Bomb exploded.✔

Rule 3 : After 'Rather / Other, the subordinating conjunction 'Than should be used.

• He has no other object but to get a handsome job. ☓
• He has no other object than to get a handsome job.✔

• I would rather buy a scooter but not a cycle. ☓
• I would rather buy a scooter than a cycle.✔

Rule 4 : After the subordinating conjunction 'lest' the auxiliary 'should' is used.

              Lest - for fear that / If it is not so.

• Work hard lest you fail. ☓
• Work hard lest you should fail.✔

Rule 5 : The connecting word 'that' is used with the adjective phrase 'the same/the only/superlative adjectives/all

• This is the same book which I wanted. ☓
• This is the same book that I wanted.✔

Rule 6 : The conjunction 'or' is used with not / never.

• I have never spoken to him nor written to him. ☓
• I have never spoken to him or written to him.✔

Rule 7 : With the word 'such' the connective 'that' may be used.

• There was such a noise what we could not hear ourselves. ☓
• There was such a noise that we could not hear ourselves.✔

Rule 8 : 

> Until - Denotes Time
> Unless - Denotes Condition

• You will not succeed until you work hard. ☓
• You will not succeed unless you work hard.✔

• I want to stay here unless she speaks the truth. ☓
• I want to stay here until she speaks the truth.✔

• You cannot do well until you prepare yourself. ☓
• You cannot do well unless you prepare yourself.✔

Rule 9 : After the connective 'because' the words ' so / therefore / as' are not used.

• Because he came late so he failed to see her. ☓
• Because he came late, he fail to see her.✔

Rule 10 : The adverb 'Not' should not be used with the connective 'Till/unless/lest/until' in that clause.

• Until he does not solve this problem, I will stay with him. ☓
• Until he solves this problem, I will stay with him.✔

• Unless they do not work sincere, they will not succeed. ☓
• Unless they work sincerely, they will not succeed.✔

Rule 11 : When 'since' is used as a conjunction should be preceded by present perfect tense and followed by a verb in the past tense to denote point of time.

• Many things have happened since I have left the school. ☓
• Many things have happened since I left the school.✔

Rule 12 : With the conjunction 'if' 'then' should not be used.

• If you work for 8 hours a day, then you will get through the examination. ☓
• If you work for 8 hours a day, you will get through the examination.✔

Rule 13 : When two objects are joined by 'as well/besides/along with /together with / in addition to / except / including with, the verb agrees with the first subject in number.

• He as well as his students have gone there. ☓
• He as well as his students has gone there.✔

09:00 - By Unknown 1

 English Grammar Basics Pdf File Free Download

Friends, Here is a short notes on English Grammar. This book deals with the basic things and definitions of the English Grammar which will be very helpful to you  in learning the better English. In result, performing better in Exams. This article contains 11 pages. That means you hardly require 1 hour to prepare. Just download this pdf file to your computer and just practice these topics by writing on a paper. Hope this post will help you increase your English skills. And yes, you can expect more detailed articles from us. Happy Reading :)

Update : As people are facing problems in downloading the file with Scribd, we've uploaded a New Mediafire Link. So you can Easily download this file now. All The Best :)

Download Basic English Grammar Techniques Pdf file From Here (Mediafire Link)

Guide4BankExams English Grammar

09:05 - By Unknown 0

 Bank Exam English - Spotting Errors - Practice Excercises

Here are some Practice Exercises of Spotting Errors Section of the Bank Exams English Paper. Happy Reading.

Read Each Sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake / error / in it. The error if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of the part with error as your answer. If there is No Error, Mark (5).

1. We are yet starting (1) / offering this facility to (2) / our customers as we are (3) / awaiting approval from the Board. (4) / No error (5).

2. The Chairmen of all large (1) / public sector banks met with (2) / senior RBI officials to give its (3) / suggestions about implementing the new policy. (4) / No error (5).

3. They have not fully considered (1) / the impact that relaxing (2) / these guidelines is likely (3)/ to have with the economy (4) / No error (5)

4. Had this notification (1) / been amended earlier, (2) / we could have stopped (3) / the transfer of funds. (4) / No error (5)

5. There are many insurance (1) / disputes nowadays because of (2) / most people do not fully (3) / understand the terms and conditions of their policies (4) / No error (5)

6. India demonstrates its supremacy (1) / in space when it successfully (2) / launched its third satellite (3) / into orbit yesterday. (4) / No error (5)

7. India needs a value education system (1) / who will inculcate values (2) / among the students and (3) / enrich their personalities. (4) / No error (5)

8. Driven by the desire to save trees (1) / residents of locality (2) / has started using solar appliances (3) / for their everyday needs. (4) / No error (5)

9. A large number of unmanned aircrafts (1) / being used by the military (2) / are suspected of having (3) / unsafe radio links. (4) / no error (5)

10. Recent survey shows that (1) / 35 million children in the age group of (2) / 6 to 10 years have never (3) / attended no primary school. (4) / No error (5)

11.  Coal mines constitute (1) / a major percentage of the (2) / sources which cause damage (3) / on the environment. (4) / No error (5)

12. A man who has been (1) / accused of fraud in (2) / an earlier job he will never be (3)/ welcome in any other organization. (4) / No error (5)

13. Worried about the continuing violence in the city (1)/ much students are set to migrate (2) / to other cities (3) / for higher education (4)/ No error (5)

14. Many organizations have been offering (1) / attractive incentives to (2)/ their employees in an attempt (3)/ to boosting employee retention. (4) / No error (5)

15. Some genuine issues exist (1) / with the newly adopted (2) / system and needs to (3) / be examined seriously. (4) / No error (5)

ANSWERS:

1.      Error is in (1).  Replace we are yet starting by we are yet to start.

2.      Error is in (3).  Replace its by their.

3.      Error is in (4).  Replace to have with the economy by to have on the economy.

4.      No error

5.      Error is in (2).  Replace disputes now a days because of by disputes now a days because. It is superfluous to use preposition of as subordinate clause follows.

6.      Error is in (1).  The sentence shows past event. So simple past should be used. India demonstrated its supremacy is correct.

7.      Error is in (2).  Replace relative pronoun who by which because non-living thing has been used.

8.      Error is in (1).  Replace Driven by the desire to save trees by Being driven by the desire to save trees.

9.      No error

10.  Error is in (4).  Here never is in negative. So, attended any primary school is correct.

11.  Error is in (4).  Damage takes preposition to. So, replace on the environment by to environment.

12.  Error is in (3).  Here he (pronoun) is superfluous. So remove he.

13.   Error is in (2). The word students is a countable noun. So much students are set by many students are set.

14.  Error is in (4). Replace to boosting employee retention by to boost employee retention.

15.  Error is in (3). Plural subject takes plural verb. So system and need to should be used.

Provided by Harika

09:02 - By Unknown 0

 English Correction of Sentences Excercises with Explanations

Friends, we've already updated short notes on Correction of Sentences which is very important topic of English Section for Upcoming competitive exams. you can read that post here. Here are some practice problems on Sentence Corrections with Explanations.  Just Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical/idiomatic/spelling mistake/error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the s.entence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is no error, mark (5). And you can check the answer below the questions with explnations. You can read more english related stuff and more practice papers for SBI POs Here. All The Best J

·        I have citicize (1)/ the remarkable book (2)/ because I  benefited (3)/ from reading it. (4)/ No error (5)

o   The error lies in part (1) of the sentence. 'I have criticize' should be replaced with 'I did not criticize'. It will make the sentence meaningful.

·        When he had been (1)/ walked along the road (2)/ a wild and ferocious dog (3)/ hit him hard and knocked him down (4)/ No error (5).

o   (2) The structure of Past Perfect Continuous is :  Subject + had been + verb +ing

·        I am grateful to you (1)/ and all your friends (2)/ for showing sym-pathy (3)/ and kindness with me (4)/ No error (5).

o   (4) The preposition 'with' should be replaced by 'to'.

·        It was clear from the way (1)/ they were behaving (2)/ that they had been (3)/ lost their senses (4)/ No er¬ror (5).

o   (3) Past Perfect Tense will be used. The structure is : Subject + had + past participle

·        As Arundhati Roy (1)/ in her foreword write (2)/ John offers (3)/un-told stories of people. (4) No error (5)

o    (2) The word 'write' is in Present Indefinite Tense. It should be replaced with 'has written' as Present Perfect is used to express past action whose time is not given and not defi¬nite.

·        Responsibilities includes (1)/ working with the editors (2)/ on all. aspects (3)/ of the editorial process. (4)/ No error (5)

o    (1) The word Responsibilities is a Plural Subject. It will take plural verb.

·        While grouping the words (1)/ care have been taken (2)/ to in-clude th'e role (3)/ grammar plays in a language. (4)/ No error (5)

o   (2) The word Care is Singular and it will take Singular ~erb. Hence, 'care have been taken' should be re¬placed with 'care has been taken'.

·        Distrust seems (1)/ to be a factor (2)/ borne out of (3)/ prevail¬ing circumstances. (4)/ No error (5)

o   (3) The phrase 'borne out of,' should be replaced with 'born of' which means coining from the speci¬fied type of parents, background, ori¬gin etc. For example,

·        That boy possess (1)/ three beautiful pens (2)/ but he would not (3)/ show them to anyone (4)/ No error (5)

o   (1)  'That boy possesses' is the correct usage, as the verb must agree with its subject in number and person.

·        Though I had been (1)/ his friend for quite a long time, (2)/ I re¬fused to help him (3)/ because his ill nature (4)/ No error (5).

o   (4) 'Because of' is the correct idiomatic form.

English Sentence Correction Problems for SBI Bank Exams English for SBI

08:59 - By Unknown 0

 Correction of Sentences in English

Friends, today we shall discuss one of the very important topics of SBI PO and other competitive exams' English Section Correction of Sentences or Correct usage of words in English. In this type of questions, each sentence is divided into four parts and each part is marked below as A, B, C, and D. There is a mistake in any one part of the sentence. The students are required to detect which part contains the mistake. If there is no mistake in any part of the sentence, it should be marked as No Error (Option E).

As a number of our friends have been saying that they are unable to perform well in this area we have decided to update detailed lessons on Correction of Sentences in English. This is the introductory lesson and this lesson followed by exercises on Correction of Sentences with detailed explanations. We hope these lessons and exercises will help you perform well in upcoming exams. All the best :)

Examples :

 The mistake lies in part (A) 'not only' should be placed before 'educated' which it qualifies and not after it. Hence students should mark cross (X) against A.

As there is no mistake in any part of the sentence, students should mark cross (X) against E.

The mistake may be of any one of the following types :

1. Mistake in the use of article -- a, an, the.
2. The subject in the sentence may not be agreeing with the verb in number.
3. Pronoun may not be agreeing with its antecedent in person, number of gender.
4. There may be a mistake in the use of preposition.
5. There may be a wrong use of a conjunction in the sentence.
6. There may be mistakes in the use of participles, gerunds, infinitives and verbal nouns.
7. Some word in a sentence may have been wrongly used.
8. There may be a mistake in the use of an adverb or adjective. Degree of adjective may have been wrongly used.
9. Rules regarding verbs, their tenses, number, or moods may not have been correctly followed.
10. There may be miscellaneous mistakes which may not fit in the above categories. 

Now lets have do some practice exercises on Correct Usage of words / Correction of sentences here

08:57 - By Unknown 0

Tips for Sentence Rearrangement and Reordering in English

 Tips for Sentence Rearrangement / Reordering in English

Sentence Reordering / Rearrangement is one of the Important and easiest section of English Language. Now a days in almost all competitive exams they are asking questions from this area. With basic knowledge of English and little concentration you can easily get full marks in this section. In sentence Rearrangement / Reordering problems they will give you four or five sentences which lack of coherence, connection and development. There will be only one way of rearranging them to acquire coherence, connection and development. You should choose the correct arrangement from the given answers. Before going into details, lets have a look at some important tips.

Important tips for Sentence Rearrangement in English

• Sentences that have full names mentioned are either the starting or come in the first few sentences of the paragraphs. 
• Similarly, the sentences that have 'they', 'him' or 'her' or the short names would only come after the proper introduction of the person.
• If there are pronouns like (it, this, that etc) in the sentence , then it simply means that they have already discussed about the subject. So in maximum cases it won't be the first sentence (I and You are exceptions for this rule). 
• Sentences that begin with 'And', 'But' etc usually follow the central theme with an explanation to the same or give additional information. 
• A central Theme around which the passage is framed. Identify the central theme, which is usually the first sentence. 
• A logical sequence is present which usually describes the central theme.
• In maximum cases Last sentence ends with some conclusion / statement.

Now lets have a look at an example with detailed explanation :

A.      Miss Sullivan arrived at the Keller home when Helen was seven.

B.      The deaf and blind Helen learned to communicate verbally.

C.      But, eventually, Miss Sullivan's effort was rewarded.

D.      Before Helen Keller was two years old, she lost her sight and her hearing.

E.       Miss Sullivan worked closely with Helen, her new student.

F.       At times the teacher became frustrated.

1. DEFACB
2. DAEFCB
3. ACFDEB
4. CFDABE
5. FDACEB

Explanation:

• Upon reading the above paragraph, we come to see that in A, B, E, F, the names mentioned are short while in D, the full name is mentioned. Hence D is the first sentence. 
• Next we see that Ms. Sullivan comes into the picture when Helen is seven years old and hence A is the second sentence. 
• The paragraph revolves around Helen's learning and hence E states what joins Helen and Ms. Sullivan. 
• Sentence F states that the teacher became frustrated at times which is followed by C (starts with 'But' which indicates that in spite of something Ms. Sullivan's efforts were rewarded). 
• Sentence B follows stating how the  teacher's efforts were rewarded and is the conclusion to a set of events.

Now lets do some practice exercises :

Example 1 :

A.      This hill is called the Acro-polis

B.      In the city of Athens stands a rocky hill with a flat top

C.      Round the acropolis was the city itself

D.      On the top of the acropolis Percles built a beautiful temple

1.  D, A, B, C
2. A, B, C, D
3. C, A, B, D
4. B, A, C, D
5. None of the above

Example 2 :

A.      She has to be the complement of man

B.      I believe in the proper education of women

C.      She can run the race

D.      But she will not rise to the great heights she is capable of by mimicking man

1.  C, A, B, D
2. B, D, A, C
3. B, C, D, A
4. D, B, C, A
5. None of these

Example 3 :

A.      But each one gets down when the train stops at his station

B.      We speak to them, share our food with them, share our joys and sorrows with them

C.      Life is like a journey by train

D.      During the journey we come across varieties of people

1. C, B, D, A
2. C, D, B, A
3. D, B, C, A
4. D, A, C, B
5. None of these

Example 4 :

A.      The most important of all man’s inventions must be the invention of language

B.      Writing makes it possible for people to keep in touch with one another even if they are far away from one another

C.      The invention of writing should come next only to that

D.      And libraries which contain written records of the great minds are storehouses of knowledge

1. A, B, D, C
2. A, C, B, D
3. D, B, A, C
4. B, A, C, D
5. None of these

Example 5 :

A.      In every direction space is strewn with whole galaxies

B.      These galaxies are too faint to be seen with the naked eye

C.      Vast number can be seen with a powerful telescope

D.      Most of these galaxies are like our won

1. A, D, B, C
2. B, A, C, D
3. C, D, B, A
4. A, B, C, D
5. None of these

Thats all for now friends. Read more English Grammar tips for competitive exams from here

08:56 - By Unknown 0

 Tenses in English Grammar with Examples

Tense is a form of a verb which is used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action in relation to the time of speaking. The origin of the word Tense is the latin word Tempus, which means Time. In simple words we can say that the Tense is a method which is used to refer to time - past, present and future. Tense tells you when the action happens. 

There are three main tenses: 

• Present Tense
• Past Tense and 
• Future Tense

Each main tense is divided into sub tenses like

• Simple 
• Continuous 
• Perfect
• Perfect Continuous tenses.

lets have a look at the following table

Tenses Table :

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Progressive
Present	Write	am/is/are writing	have/has written	have/has been writing
Past	Wrote	was/were writing	had written	had been writing
Future	will / shall write	will be / shall be writing	will have / shall have  written	will have been / shall have been finishing

Now lets discuss the usage of tenses. I mean when, where and how to use tenses.

Usage of Tenses : 

Present Simple : A present simple tense is used,

• to show a regular or habitual actions or a universal truth
• Eg :
• The sun rises in the east
• He goes to school at 9.AM everyday
• in future clauses of time and condition
• Eg :
• If it rains, I shall not come
• I shall come as soon as I finish my homework.

Present Continuous : A Present continuous tense is used,

• to show an action which is now in progress
• Eg :
• The servant is watering the plants
• The children are playing outside
• to show a temporary action which is not actually in progress at that time.
• Eg
• Now I am reading Gr8AmbitionZ.
• He is staying with his uncle.
• to show as already decided future action.
• Eg :
• We are going for a movie today evening.
• The Prime minister is visiting the cities tomorrow.

Present Perfect : A present perfect tense is used,

• to show an action completed in the immediate past.
  
• Eg :
• He has just left the class.
• We have just decided to go for a movie.
• to show a past action where the time of action is unknown or indefinite.
• Eg:
• He has gone to Bombay.
• I have seen you some where.
• to talk of a past action extending up to the present.
• Eg :
• Forty years have passed since India became Independent.
• He has been in hospital since Monday.

Present Perfect Continuous :

• A Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to show an action already started and still going on.

• Eg
• He has been waiting for you for two hours.
• I have been staying here since 1985.

Past Simple : A Past simple tense is used,

• to show an action completed in the past
• Eg :
• I got your letter last week.
• He went to Bombay yesterday.
• to show a discontinued past habitual action.
• Eg :
• We met in my house on every Sunday last year.
• While in Bombay I went for a movie on every Sunday.

Past Continuous : 

• A past continuous tense is used to show an action which was going on at a particular time in the past.

• Eg :
• When I saw him he was reading a novel.
• He jumped out of the train while it was moving.

Past Perfect : 

• A Past Perfect tense is used to show an action which was over at a past time.

• Eg :
• The train had left before we reached the station.
• I had finished my work before the guests arrived.

Past Perfect Continuous :

• A past perfect continuous tense is used to show an action started earlier and was going on up-to a particular time in the past.
• Eg :
• When I joined the college Mr. Sharma had been teaching there for three years.
• When I met him he had been painting a picture for three days.

Future Simple : 

• A Future Simple tense is used to show an action which is yet to happen.
• Eg :
• The classes will commence on next Monday.
• I shall meet you next week.

Future Continuous :

• A Future Continuous tense is used to show an action which will be over at a particular time in the future.
• Eg :
• When I reach home,. my friends will be waiting for me.
• When you come tomorrow I shall be writing the notes.

Future Perfect :

• A Future Perfect tense is used to show an action which will be over at a particular time in the future.
• Eg :
• By the time we reach there, the classes will have started.
• Your uncle will have left for office before you reach there.

Future Perfect Continuous :

• A Future Perfect Continuous is used to show an already started action which will be going on for a particular time in the future.
• Eg:
• By the end of this year, we will have been studying here for five years.

Thats all for now friends. You can download short notes on Tenses with examples form here

 

Read more English grammar tips from here 

08:52 - By Unknown 0